Objectives For Effective Financial Management Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 816 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The objective of financial management is the same as the objective of a company which is to earn profit. But profit maximization alone cannot be the sole objective of a company. It is a limited objective. If profits are given undue importance then problems may arise as discussed below. The term profit is vague and it involves much more contradictions. Profit maximization must be attempted with a realization of risks involved. A positive relationship exists between risk and profits. So both risk and profit objectives should be balanced. Profit Maximization fails to take into account the time pattern of returns. Profit maximization does not take into account the social considerations. 2) Wealth Maximization: It is commonly understood that the objective of a firm is to maximize value and wealth. The value of a firm is represented by the market price of the companys stock. The market price of a firms stock represents the assesment of all market pa rticipants as to what the value of the particular firm is. It takes in to account present and prospective future earnings per share, the timing and risk of these earning, the dividend policy of the firm and many other factors that bear upon the market price of the stock. Market price acts as the performance index or report card of the firms progress and potential. Prices in the share markets are affected by many factors like general economic outlook, outlook of the particular company, technical factors and even mass psychology. Normally this value is a function of two factors: The anticipated rate of earnings per share of the company The capitalization rate. The likely rate of earnings per shares depend upon the assessment of how profitable a company may be in the future. The capitalization rate reflects the liking of the investors for the company. Methods of Financial Management: In the field of financing there are multiple methods to procure funds. Funds may b e obtained from long term sources as well as from short term sources. Long term funds may be procured by owners that are shareholders, lenders by issuing debentures, from financial institutions, banks and the general public at large. Short term funds may be availed from commercial banks, public deposits, etc. Financial leverage or trading on equity is an important method by which a finance manager may increase the return to common shareholders. At the time of evaluating capital expenditure projects methods like average rate of return, pay back, internal rate of returns, net present value and profitability index are used. A firm can increase its profitability without adversely affecting its liquidity by an efficient utilization of the current resources at the disposal of the firm. A firm can increase its profitability without negatively affecting its liquidity by efficient management of working capital. Similarly, for the evaluation of a firms performance there are different me thods. Ratio analysis is a common technique to evaluate different aspects of a firm. An investor takes in to account various ratios to know whether investment in a particular company will be profitable or not. These ratios enable him to judge the profitability, solvency, liquidity and growth aspect of the firm. Financial Management Defined What is Financial Management? Financial Management can be defined as: The management of the finances of a business/organization in order to achieve financial objectives Taking a business as the most common structure, the key objectives of financial management would be to: †¢ Create wealth for the business †¢ Generate cash, and †¢ Provide a return on investment keeping in mind the risks that the business is taking and the resources invested There are three primary elements to the process of financial management: (1) Financial Planning Management need to ensure that sufficient funding is available to m eet the needs of the business. In the short term, funding may be needed to invest in equipment and stocks, pay employees and fund sales made on credit. In the medium and long term, funding may be needed for significant additions to the productive capacity of the business or to facilitate acquisitions. (2) Financial Control Financial control is a critically important activity to help the business ensure that said business is meeting its goals. Financial control addresses questions such as: †¢ Are assets being used efficiently? †¢ Are the businesses assets secure? †¢ Does management act in the best interest of the shareholders and in accordance with business rules? (3) Financial Decision Making The primary aspects of financial decision making relate to investment, financing and dividends: †¢ Investments must be financed in some way; however there are always financing alternatives that can be considered. For example it is possible to raise funds from selling new shares, borrowing from banks or taking credit from suppliers. †¢ A key financing decision is whether profits earned by the business should be retained rather than distributed to shareholders via dividends. If dividends are too high, the business may be starved of funding to reinvest in growing revenues and profits. 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A Research Conducted By Roberts And Blanton - 1500 Words

In a research conducted by Roberts and Blanton, they found out that the number of families in the U.S. having only child are getting higher compared to the past generations having many children. And they also discovered that this widely statistical change, draws many adversely thoughts and speculations about being an only child or having an only child through the research of Polit and Falbo (125). The main judgement is being isolated because of not having any companions at home with their age, like having siblings that they can relate to their lives. Some other negative things are about their personalities and characteristics, such as being a spoiled, selfish, aggressive, bossy, etc. and the list goes on. However, Hawke and Knoxs state in their research that there were ninety-eight percent of the surveys concluded that being an only child is a benefit. Furthermore, some of the only children commented that, â€Å"My life was more private than if I had siblings – I had my own r oom† and â€Å"I got most of the things that I wanted like band instruments and folks took me with them to Europe† (215). Aside from the advantages that every only children gets, the parents is also in favor of this because they only have one child to support and that will make them to spend less. Hereby, this stereotypical myths of people about being an only child are widely unreasonable due to the fact that many only children’s lives will be in good hands because the child s needs will be provided instantly asShow MoreRelatedPersonality Changes From Infancy And Childhood Adulthood1039 Words   |  5 Pagesdimensions (Hudson Roberts, 2014), those of which being extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience (Goldberg, 1993). 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Physiology Free Essays

You recorded the data in Chart 1 on page 35. E the data to produce a Graph that will clearly show how the effects Ion the resting membrane potential when the KEF concentration of Is high and when the KEF concentration of An+ is low. Hint: take in consideration that independent variable is not a numeric but a category. We will write a custom essay sample on Physiology or any similar topic only for you Order Now (4 points) The following questions will require you to do some Web search. 2. Loading Is a commonly used anesthetic. What is the molecular composition of Loading. (type of macromolecule and formula) (2 points). 3. List three specific usages of loading (1 points each = 3 points) 1. 3. 4. Provide the name of two vendors of loading and four (4) brand names for this anesthetic (1 points each) Vendors Brand Names 1 OFF 5. Explain the precise mechanism behind Loading effect on action potential in nerves. Indicate to what type of integral proteins Loading binds to, the effect on such proteins and what will be the effect on the generation of an action potential and on the transmission of the action potential. (4 points) 6. Loading is commonly administrated topically to anesthetize the nerve endings in the dermis that are activated by noxious stimulus resulting in the nerve conduction f impulses that are perceived as â€Å"pain†. Draw a figure of the transverse section of the Shinto show the layers of the epidermis and structures of the dermis (do not forget to include the nerve endings). Use the Diagram to indicate all the layers of cells the Loading has to go through to reach the nerve endings. (Figures copied and pasted form the internet will not be accepted, you have to draw your own version of a figure) (5 points). 7. What cell membrane transport do you suspect moves Loading from the surface of the epidermis all the way down the nerve endings. (1 point) How to cite Physiology, Papers

Food Critic Essay Research Paper EVERYONE free essay sample

Food Critic Essay, Research Paper EVERYONE # 8217 ; S A CRITIC With the proliferation of dining ushers, there # 8217 ; s no deficit of restaurant reappraisals out at that place. But how dependable is the information clients are acquiring? First, a minute of realisation and so panic spreads through the eating house, one of Manhattan # 8217 ; s toniest, from the forepart of the house to the dorsum and downstairs to the cellar where the chef is shouting the ear off of some hapless, unintentional reservationist. # 8220 ; How did this go on? ! ? # 8221 ; he screams. # 8220 ; The Zagats are here and they # 8217 ; re non on the list! My God, they # 8217 ; re traveling to hold to wait now, like regular clients! # 8221 ; Fortunately for the shaking clerk, the aforesaid scene doesn # 8217 ; t truly play out in a eating house cellar, but on a phase, during a public presentation of Fully Committed, a hit comedy that has been running off-Broadway for about a twelvemonth. If the name Zagat means nil to you, so you likely don # 8217 ; t acquire the gag. If you own a eating house in a major American metropolis and the name still means nil to you, so, good, you truly wear # 8217 ; t acquire it. The Zagats, Tim and Nina, are well-known for the eponymic, burgundy-colored dining ushers they publish-compendiums of client reappraisals of restaurants from fine-dining shrines to local pizza joints-which can be found lodging out of the bags and pockets of eating house frequenters across the state. The Zagat Survey is merely portion of an full motion of restaurant guides-in print and progressively on the internet-that has been feeding off the great dining revolution of the late twentieth century, and in many ways, fueling it. But even as these ushers signal the ongoing roar in dining out, their proliferation is raising some serious inquiries for eating house operators, and could even be aching their concern in ways they can # 8217 ; t see. Because the ratings presented in today # 8217 ; s dining ushers, overpoweringly, are non the sentiments of trained critics, journalists, or chefs, but the unknown, hungry multitudes. And while the Zagat reviews undergo an thorough procedure that the company says balances good sentiments with bad, the methods of other ushers are lesser known, motivating some to oppugn the equity of the image painted. Nowhere does that inquiry loom larger than the cyberspace, where tonss of eating house reappraisal sites insure that merely about every eating house is now rated somewhere-and by anyone who wants to voice an sentiment. But who are these people? In an age where everyone, literally, is a critic, is at that place anything to halt one troublemaker-or even viing restaurateurs-from bust uping a topographic point # 8217 ; s repute with an sentiment cloaked in legitimacy? There are, of class, plentifulness who support this new # 8220 ; democratic # 8221 ; attack to reexamining ( postulating that many sentiments are bound to be better than merely one ) , but others fear that the rise of the populist reappraisal might merely be adding to their operational concerns. # 8220 ; Yes, it # 8217 ; s great that there # 8217 ; s more information about eating houses out at that place, but at that place # 8217 ; s truly no manner to cognize who # 8217 ; s speaking about you, # 8221 ; complains Brad Ogden, chef/owner of the upscale Lark Creek Inn near San Francisco. # 8220 ; I could travel on-line, give myself a bogus name, take a clump of eating houses and set four stars next to them-and there you go. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Those mercantile establishments can be merely every bit powerful as a outstanding reappraisal in footings of triping a fire, # 8221 ; says New York restauranter Danny Meyer, proprietor of such hot musca volitanss as Union Square Cafe and Gramercy Tavern. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s something you truly have to maintain your oculus on. It # 8217 ; s about like playing contrivance ball and you # 8217 ; ve got a whole clump more people throwing at you. # 8221 ; For old ages, dining ushers merely meant travel ushers ( or little subdivisions of travel ushers ) where the writer starred a few of his or her favourite ( normally upscale ) eating houses ; no existent unfavorable judgment and no existent surprises. Actual eating house reappraisals were left to newspapers, to people who purportedly knew what they were speaking about. Or possibly they didn # 8217 ; t, thought Tim Zagat ( that # 8217 ; s Za-GAT # 8221 ; ; rhymes with # 8220 ; the cat # 8221 ; ) , who, after discoursing the issue with his married woman and their friends over several spectacless of vino, decided to study them and publish the consequences. # 8220 ; It was a really simple thought, # 8221 ; he says of the first usher of New York City restaurants-a mere 75 of them-produced in 1979. # 8220 ; One hundred or 200 people were more likely to be accurate about a eating house than one. # 8221 ; The thought caught on. After the 1985 edition started selling 75,000 transcripts a month, Nina and Tim left their occupations as corporate attorneies to run their # 8220 ; avocation # 8221 ; as a full-time concern. Today, Zagat Surveys in 45 metropoliss around the universe rate more than 35,000 eating houses. It remains the best-selling dining usher in many major metropoliss. The Zagat system, by utilizing client studies to rate eating houses by nutrient, decor and service and index them by different classs, democratizes the reappraisal procedure and fills a function critics can # 8217 ; T, Tim Zagat says. # 8220 ; What we # 8217 ; re truly making is giving each eating house a free market study of their ain clients, # 8221 ; he says. Others have capitalized on similar formats. Bob Sehlinger, for illustration, supplements critic-written reappraisals with client sentiments in his Eclectic Gourmet Guides that are now available for eight metropoliss. # 8220 ; The voices don # 8217 ; T ever agree, and that # 8217 ; s merely the point. Readers need to see that to do the most informed decision. # 8221 ; And so, some restauranters see important advantages to being pondered and critiqued by multiple voices. # 8220 ; Any new manner people can happen out about us, that # 8217 ; s great, # 8221 ; says Michael Bowling, owner of Jupiter Grill in Louisville, KY. Other operators regard the reappraisals as existent concern resources. As Meyer points out, erstwhile reappraisals in newspapers can # 8217 ; t history for the fact that eating houses are organic entities which change dramatically over clip. And with so many new eating houses gap, referees seldom have clip to revisit a long-standing constitution. Guidebooks which are updated annually-or web sites, updated constantly-fill the nothingness. # 8220 ; If 7,000 people tell us that we either improved or didn # 8217 ; t better in a certain country, that # 8217 ; s really helpful, # 8221 ; Meyer says, mentioning to the figure of diners who rated his Union Square Cafe in this twelvemonth # 8217 ; s Zagat. # 8220 ; 7,000 sentiments count. # 8221 ; But 7,000 sentiments from people on the street don # 8217 ; t ever do for a just reappraisal, say some sceptics. Sheer Numberss don # 8217 ; t needfully insure truth. # 8220 ; The minute you start democratising, you dilute the credibleness of the commentary, # 8221 ; complains Gene Bourg, a New Orleans-based nutrient author and former eating house critic of the New Orleans Times-Picayune. # 8220 ; A guidebook should give an informed position, # 8221 ; says Andr Gayot, laminitis of Gayot Restaurant Guides, which started in France in 1970 and now publishes one-year editions for 25 American metropoliss, with an on-line arm-Gayot.com-that screens 60 metropoliss in the U.S. # 8220 ; Not everyone portions our [ critics ] sentiments of certain eating houses or chefs, but still it gives an thought of what a eating house is truly like. # 8221 ; Even in a structured, statistically controlled format like Zagat # 8217 ; s, many still question the dependability of a group of amateurs-especially when the critical mass is a small visible radiation. Bourg says the big study format might work in New York or L.A. # 8220 ; Otherwise, I think the local editors truly need to purify the ballots based on their ain experience, # 8221 ; he says. # 8220 ; The job I have with Zagat is that there are excessively many incongruousnesss from excessively little a sample. # 8221 ; Compared to New York # 8217 ; s 19,000, the New Orleans Zagat is based on merely 1,400 studies. ( And even in New York, non every eating house receives the 7,000 remarks attracted by Meyer # 8217 ; s Union Square Cafe, Zagat # 8217 ; s most popular eating house. ) For its portion, Zagat has developed a instead punctilious procedure for condensing 1000s of sentiments into a balanced reappraisal. Number evaluations are computed on a standardised graduated table. Each usher is overseen by a local editor who makes sure the remarks chosen for publication reasonably reflect the statistical consequences, and include comments from fans and disparagers likewise. Other ushers, particularly on the cyberspace, are non about as well-regulated or even-handed. Still others have come to oppugn the choice process-how some eating houses end up doing the cut and others get ignored. Zagat, evidently, relies on consumer write-ins. Sehlinger says Eclectic Gourmet writers are given guidelines, but are fundamentally free to make up ones mind which eating houses they want to include. On the web, some sites, such as Dine123.com and Food.com, do in fact give discriminatory charge to eating houses that pay for it. At Foodline.com, a site that besides sells on-line reserve services to eating houses, pull offing editor Kelly Horan Jones is inexorable about the unity of the content. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s made me a large hurting in the buttocks to the company, # 8221 ; she says. # 8220 ; I feel a duty to allow our readers know about all topographic points, irrespective of whether we # 8217 ; re taking their money. # 8221 ; Then there # 8217 ; s the affair of position. The typical Zagat diner, for illustration, is likely to be about 40 old ages old, college-educated with an one-year income over $ 100,000, person who travels often and eats out about four times a hebdomad, in approximately 40 different eating houses a twelvemonth. That # 8217 ; s non, say some restauranters, typical of the diners in their eating houses, peculiarly national casual-dining ironss. T.G.I. Friday # 8217 ; s, for illustration, takes a whipping in the New York City book: # 8220 ; Swanson # 8217 ; s Television dinner reheated, # 8221 ; said the 1999 reappraisal, which besides likened the eating house to # 8220 ; a mark of the apocalypse # 8221 ; and topped it all off with # 8220 ; puhleeze, this is NY, non Dubuque. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; The job is they compare apples and oranges, # 8221 ; says Rob Meyne, executive manager of communications for Carlson Restaurants Worldwide, Friday # 8217 ; s parent. # 8220 ; When the Washington Zagat would rank us against Jean-Louis [ Palladin ] at the Watergate, it didn # 8217 ; Ts make a batch of sense. # 8221 ; Tim Zagat defends his electors # 8217 ; diverse gustatory sensations. # 8220 ; The fact that you are able to eat at Alain Ducasse doesn # 8217 ; t intend that you don # 8217 ; t travel to McDonald # 8217 ; s or a pizza articulation, # 8221 ; he says. Of class, even those at the highest terminal of the spectrum have taken offense with Zagat. In 1999, New York # 8217 ; s Sirio Maccioni furiously broke off dealingss when his famed Le Cirque was outscored by bantam Soup Kitchen Int # 8217 ; cubic decimeter ( the inspiration for the # 8220 ; Soup Nazi # 8221 ; character on Television # 8217 ; s Seinfeld ) . And Jean-Georges Vongerichten, devastated when he lost a individual evaluation point, returned his award as the anterior twelvemonth # 8217 ; s best new eating house ( he subsequently asked for it back ) . Whatever menace guidebooks may present to the # 8220 ; accurate # 8221 ; reappraisal procedure, the cyberspace has raised the bets. Its scope, and, by association, its influence, is potentially illimitable. And with more and more people turning to the web for everything from air hose tickets to mortgages, it # 8217 ; s no surprise that a batch of eating house reappraisal sites-brimming with # 8220 ; public # 8221 ; opinions-has cropped up in recent old ages. But sometimes it # 8217 ; s difficult to cognize where the sentiments come from, or what separates a reputable site from a fly-by-night one. Most sites claim their primary intent is to inform, but the line between supplying information and providing sentiments is easy blurred. The most comprehensive site, in footings of listings, is likely RestaurantRow.com, which was launched in 1997 with the end of cataloging as many eating houses with every bit much information as possible to # 8220 ; power the dining determination, # 8221 ; harmonizing to CEO Jim Gurfein. The current run is 110,000 eating houses in 9,000 metropoliss worldwide. Ironically the site, which gets about 500,000 alone hits a month, does non post reappraisals or evaluations of eating houses, merely information like hours, bill of fares, and exposures of dining suites. Yet RestaurantRow.com has become seen as an important beginning, with 100s of users every month reaching them over electronic mail or by phone looking for recommendations. # 8220 ; We try to allow people make up ones mind on their ain, but if they turn to us and inquire for that recommendation, we # 8217 ; re traveling to give it to them, # 8221 ; says Gurfein. # 8220 ; We find we have a great trade of influence now, and it # 8217 ; s growing. # 8221 ; Furthermore, the influence that some reappraisal sites may hold over others is besides a affair of strategic confederations they # 8217 ; ve formed-meaning that sentiments about a given eating house can be dictated by something every bit arbitrary as the hunt engine a possible client is utilizing. RestaurantRow.com, for case, links straight to Alta Vista. Cuisinenet.com besides posts its client reappraisals through Yahoo. Citysearch.com, Sidewalk.com and Evite.com get their eating house info from Foodline.com, a spouse of Zagat.com. Gayot.com provides the content for Digitalcity.com and AOL. Information dispersed by established reappraisal sites is one thing, but what progressively troubles some is the fact that clients seeking information on their topographic points aren # 8217 ; t merely turning to sites, but to restaurant-themed confab boards, where the # 8220 ; reexamine # 8221 ; procedure might be little more than unregulated raillery or even straight-out prevarications. # 8220 ; If you # 8217 ; ve of all time read restaurant treatment on the cyberspace anyplace, it # 8217 ; s atrocious, # 8221 ; says Jim Leff, a free-lance referee and writer of one of the Eclectic Gourmet Guides. # 8220 ; Mostly, it # 8217 ; s merely a batch of people reasoning back and forth. # 8221 ; Leff has tried to upgrade the quality of free-flowing information about eating houses by establishing Chowhound.com, which specifically targets # 8220 ; elite eaters. # 8221 ; Chowhound doesn # 8217 ; t incorporate a eating house database, but its 30,000 day-to-day visitants can read reappraisals by Leff and # 8220 ; other chowhounds-like people who have tried every sushi in New York, # 8221 ; Leff says. As more and more voices join the disturbance, some wonder if these ushers protect themselves-and eating houses # 8211 ; from those # 8220 ; amateur critics # 8221 ; who are truly out to advance an docket, defile a eating house or merely kick prevarication for no good ground. Zagat says his book editors rely on several statistical controls and processs to guard against ballot-stuffing ( he declined to acquire more specific on the record, lest public cognition of the steps undermine their effectivity ) . However, he admits no precaution is presently in topographic point on Zagat.com, where more than 400,000 users registered between May 1999 and February 2000. # 8220 ; There are decidedly people-and there are restaurants-who have tried to defile the consequences, # 8221 ; Zagat says. Foodline.com # 8217 ; s Horan Jones says fishy posters pop up all the clip. Often, highly positive reappraisals are the work of restauranters, while excessively negative posters sometimes come from rivals ( she recalls two dueling Indian eating houses which invariably e-mailed remarks such as # 8220 ; Food odors like puke. Rats in the kitchen. # 8221 ; ) . Therefore, Horan Jones says, all sentiments sent to her site are screened. A evaluation of all # 8220 ; 10s # 8221 ; or all # 8220 ; 1s, # 8221 ; for illustration, will be discarded. But some sites leave it wholly up to their audience to police the posters. Gayot.com has a # 8220 ; community watch # 8221 ; map, which allows users to # 8220 ; to allow us cognize about remarks, which contain coarse linguistic communication, torment, treatment of illegal activity, or commercial solicitation. # 8221 ; Sometimes, what # 8217 ; s being posted on the cyberspace may be absolutely positive-but untrue. # 8220 ; When I was at Bayard # 8217 ; s [ in New York ] , I remember one site that listed us as # 8216 ; a fantastic French-Moroccan # 8217 ; -we # 8217 ; re French-American, # 8221 ; says Magdalena Spirydowicz, who # 8217 ; s now manager of selling for Metronome, a mid-scale Mediterranean in New York City. Amid all the contention environing the influence of eating house ushers, their growing has caught even their Godheads by surprise. # 8220 ; This was neer supposed to be a concern, # 8221 ; says Tim Zagat. # 8220 ; We happen to hold caught that wave-in some ways, ridden the moving ridge, and possibly in some little manner, added to the wave. # 8221 ; And with the proliferation of ushers demoing no marks of decelerating, that moving ridge is merely likely to go on to turn. Yet some restauranters, like New York # 8217 ; s Danny Meyer, admiration when sufficiency will be enough-or if adequate is right now. # 8220 ; There comes a point when there # 8217 ; s merely excessively much information about eating houses, # 8221 ; he says. # 8220 ; The populace has become so much more savvy on its ain. They don # 8217 ; t need to be told what to make, where to go. # 8221 ; Even if they are merely regular clients.